Pregnancy Diagnosis in Bovine | Determination of Pregnancy | Per-rectal examination(0-9 month preg.)

#fieldvet #fieldveterinarian Second channel :- ‪@dr.imranmansuri1086‬ 𝐏𝐄𝐑-𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐄𝐗𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐈𝐍 𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝘿𝙚𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙮 𝙞𝙣 𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚 / 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙮 𝘿𝙞𝙖𝙜𝙣𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝘽𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙣𝙚 PER-RECTAL EXAMINATION ▶️𝙁𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙝 (𝙉𝙚𝙜𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙜𝙚) -• Both the uterine horns are symmetrical.• Uterine horns are intrapelvic.• Feel of uterine horn is normal.• One of the ovaries exhibits CL.• Cervix remains closed.Second month (31 to 60 days) or small sac stage:• Uterus is usually intra-pelvic and palpable from all the sides.• Uterus is tonic. -Pregnant horn is 2-4 times enlarged. Slippery feel of foetal membrane when horn is palpatedbetween fingers (double wall) from the 5th to 6th week ofpregnancy in cows• Uterine wall thinner than normal due to increased diameter of uterine horn.• Ovaries are at normal position and one of the ovary exhibits pregnancy CL or corpus luteum verum, which differs from periodic corpus luteum in not having a neck.• Cervix is closed and normal in position ▶️𝙏𝙝𝙞𝙧𝙙 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙝 (61 - 90 𝙙𝙖𝙮𝙨) 𝙤𝙧 𝙡𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙚 𝙨𝙖𝙘 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙜𝙚::• Uterus hangs on the brim of pelvis and is palpablefrom only three sides.• Uterus is tonic• Pregnant horn is further enlarged.• Thinning of uterine wall continues (very thin).• Rebound effect is detectable.• Ovaries are pulled forward.• Cervix is stretched/pulled forward.• Heaviness is felt when cervix is examined ▶️𝙁𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙩𝙝 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙝 (91 - 120 𝙙𝙖𝙮𝙨) 𝙤𝙧 𝘽𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙣 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙜𝙚 :• Uterus is abdominal.• Thinning of uterine wall continues.• Cotyledons detectable.• Fluctuations can be felt.• Fremitus (+) can be felt.• Cervix is located beyond/at pelvic brim (reason-due toincrease in weight of uterus, so it is pulled forward).• Ovaries are pulled forward and are out of reach i.e. inabdominal cavity. ▶️𝙁𝙞𝙛𝙩𝙝 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙝 (121 - 150 𝙙𝙖𝙮𝙨) 𝙤𝙧 𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙜𝙚:- Uterus is sinking in abdomen.• Foetus and fluctuations are felt.• Cotyledons are bigger in size (3.5cm) • Fremitus (++) can easily be felt. ▶️𝙎𝙞𝙭𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙝 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙝 (150 -210 𝙙𝙖𝙮𝙨):• Uterus is entirely abdominal.• Foetus sinks more deep in the abdominal cavity and is notpalpable.• But in the last of seventh month, foetus starts to come nearthe pelvic cavity and is easily palpable.• Fremitus (+++) is strong. ▶️𝙀𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩 𝙩𝙤 𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙝 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙝 (210 - 270 𝙙𝙖𝙮𝙨):• Foetus comes again nearer to the pelvic cavity.• Foetal parts can be clearly felt.• Fremitus (++++) is very strong.• Size of the cotyledons increases to about tennis ball size(7 - 8cm.).• Foetal bumps are felt when foetus is pressed in theabdominal cavity.• Strong foetal movement is palpable. Please check differential diagnosis of pregnancy in Bovine 1- Pyometra 2-Mucometra or Hydrometra 3-Mummification 4-foetal maceration