Matter in our surroundings class 9 notes | matter in our surroundings NCERT notes

#class9science #class9notes #science Matter in our surroundings class 9 notes | matter in our surroundings NCERT notes Notes of Ch 1 Matter in Our Surrounding| Class 9th Science Now you can buy and download the complete PDF notes from here – perfect for quick revision and 💯 marks! https://rzp.io/rzp/5qByW2Qv अब आप यहाँ से पूरे चैप्टर की कम्प्लीट नोट्स की PDF खरीद सकते हैं और डाउनलोड कर सकते हैं – आसान रिवीजन और 💯 नंबरों के लिए बिल्कुल सही! https://rzp.io/rzp/5qByW2Qv Study Material and Notes of Ch 1 Matter in Our Surrounding Class 9th Science. Topics in the Chapter. • Introduction.  • Physical Nature of Matter.  • Diffusion.  • Characteristics of Particles of Matter.  → Particles of matter have space between them.  → Particles of matter attract each other because of force of attraction.  • States of Matter.  → Solid State.  → Liquid State.  → Gaseous State.  • Change of State of Matter.  • Effect of Temperature.  → Latent heat.  → Latent heat of fusion.  → Latent heat of vaporisation.  • Effect of change of pressure .  • Evaporation.  → Factors affecting the rate of evaporation.  → Evaporation causes cooling .  • Plasma.  • Bose-Einstein Condensate. Introduction. → Since early times human beings have been trying to understand their nature. Early Indian  philosopher classified matter into five basic elements. the“Panch Tatva”– air, earth, fire, sky and water. According to them, living as well as non living things are made up  of these elements.. → Now a days, scientists evolved to types of classification of matter – physical properties and chemical nature.. Physical Nature of Matter. →  Matter is made up of particles. All matter constitute of very small particles. These small particles are called atoms.. → These particles of matter are too small so they cannot be seen by naked eyes or simple microscope.. → Particles of matter are continuously moving as they posses kinetic energy, with the increase of temperature kinetic energy of particles also increases so particle moves faster.. Diffusion. → Brownian Motion: The zig-zag or random path travelled by the particles of matter is called Brownian motion.. →  Intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called diffusion. The rate of diffusion increases on increasing the temperature of the diffusing substance (by heating). It is natural process. It takes place in solid, liquid and gas.. Characteristics of Particles of Matter. • Particles of matter have space between them. → Gas can be compressed a lot because of the space between their particles.. → When sugar is dissolved in water, the particles of sugar disappear in water. This happens because particles of sugar get adjusted in the spaces between the particles of water. Additionally you will notice that there is no rise of water level takes place when one or two teaspoon of sugar is added in a glass of water, this is because sugar particles get adjusted in the space between the particles of water and no rise in the water level comes in result.. called its melting point. The melting point of ice is 273.16 K. . The process of melting, that is, change of solid state into liquid state is also known as .  fusion .. • Latent heat. The hidden heat which breaks the force of attraction between the molecules is known as the. latent heat. Since, the heat energy is hidden in the bulk of the matter, it is called latent heat.. • Latent heat of fusion. → The heat energy required to convert 1 kilogram of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure, at its melting point, is known as the latent heat of fusion.. → The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling, at atmospheric pressure, is called its boiling point.. → Boiling is a bulk phenomenon. Particles from the bulk of the liquid gain energy to change into the gaseous state. For example, boiling point of water is 100° C. (or 100° C = 273 + 100 = 373 K). • Latent heat of vaporisation. The heat energy required to convert 1 kilogram of liquid into gas, at atmospheric pressure, at its boiling point, is known as the latent heat of vaporisation. → The process, in which a gas, on cooling, turns into a liquid at a specific temperature is called