شرح ألفية ابن مالك - 158 - إعمال اسم الفاعل

This video, an explanation of Ibn Malik's "Alfiyya," clarifies the rules for the active participle, specifically when it functions like its verb (raising a subject and taking an object). Here is a comprehensive summary of the explanation: 1. Types of Active Participles in Terms of Function [00:43] With the definite article "al-": It functions like its verb absolutely, without any conditions, whether it indicates the past, present, or future [00:55]. Example: "This is the one who struck Zayd yesterday/now/tomorrow" [30:28]. Without "al-": It functions like its verb under two essential conditions [01:42]. 2. Conditions for the Active Participle Without "al-" to Function [01:56] It must meet two conditions: The first condition: Indicating time [02:44] It must indicate the present or future. According to the majority of scholars: It does not function if it indicates the past. Al-Kisa'i differed from the majority and permitted its use in the past tense, citing the verse: {And their dog was stretching out its forelegs at the entrance} [8:1]. The second condition: dependence on what precedes it [13:54]. It must be preceded by one of the following: An interrogative: "Is Zayd striking Amr?" [14:37]. A vocative: "O you who are climbing a mountain!" [15:26]. A negation: "Zayd is not striking Amr." [16:09]. A noun being described (that functions as an adjective): "I passed by a man who was striking Zayd." [17:17]. A circumstantial qualifier (that functions as an adverbial phrase): "Zayd came riding a horse." [18:55]. * Subject (that which functions as a predicate or subject): "Zayd is striking Amr" [20:00]. 3. Reliance on an implied noun [26:28] The active participle may function if it relies on an implied (and omitted) noun, and the implied noun is treated as if it were explicitly stated. Example: The poet says, "And how many fills his eyes with something other than himself," and the implied meaning is: And how many a person fills [27:28].