Kidney (renal) failure | causes | symptoms | treatment | Dialysis |chapter Homeostasis |class 10th

Kidney failure means a complete or partial failure of kidneys to function. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading causes of kidney failure. In certain cases, sudden interruption in the blood supply to kidney and drug overdoses may also result in kidney failure.The main symptom of kidney failure is the high level of urea and other wastes in blood, which can result in vomiting, nausea, weight loss, frequent urination and blood in urine. Excess fluids in body may also cause swelling of legs, feet face and shortness of breath.The kidney failure is treated with dialysis and kidney transplant.a. DialysisDialysis means the cleaning of blood by artificial ways. There are two methods of dialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis In this type of dialysis, the dialysis fluid is pumped for a time into the peritoneal cavity which is the space around gut . This cavity is lined by peritoneum. Peritoneum contains blood vessels. When we place dialysis fluid in peritoneal cavity, waste materials from peritoneal blood vessels diffuse into the dialysis fluid, which is then drained out. This type of dialysis can be performed at home, but must be done every day. 2. Haemodialysis In haemodialysis, patient’s blood is pumped through an apparatus called dialyzer. The dialyzer contains long tubes, the walls of which act as semi-permeable membranes. Blood flows through the tubes while the dialysis fluid flows around the tubes. Extra water and wastes move from blood into the dialysis fluid. The cleansed blood is then returned back to body. The haemodialysis treatments are typically given in dialysis centres. b. Kidney Transplant #renalfailure #kidney