Czym są jony, kationy, aniony? | BUDOWA ATOMU #4

What are simple ions? Simple ions are atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons, becoming electrically charged. Ions can be positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions). Cations Cations are positively charged ions formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. This electron loss causes the number of protons (positive) in the nucleus to exceed the number of electrons (negative), resulting in a net positive charge. How are cations formed? Cations are formed when atoms donate electrons. These are most commonly found in metal atoms, which tend to lose electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. Example Sodium (Na): Sodium has 11 protons and 11 electrons. When it loses one electron, it becomes sodium (Na⁺), with 11 protons and 10 electrons. Anions Anions are negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. This electron gain causes the number of electrons (negative) to exceed the number of protons (positive), resulting in a net negative charge. How do anions form? Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons. These are most often found in nonmetal atoms, which tend to gain electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. Example Chlorine (Cl): Chlorine has 17 protons and 17 electrons. When it gains one electron, it becomes the chloride anion (Cl⁻), with 17 protons and 18 electrons. #ion #ions #ionization #cation #anion #atom