How I make BLACK DRINK!
I show how I identify yaupon holly, gather its leaves, process, and cook it to make a beverage similar to yerba mate. I also describe its historical use and importance among American Indians. References: Augenbraum, Harold (ed.) and Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez. 2013. Narrative of the Narváez expedition. Lakeside Press, R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, Chicago, IL. Berlandier, Jean Louis. 1969. The Indians of Texas in 1830. Ewers, John C. (ed), Leclerq, Patricia Reading (transl.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones. 1939. Some notes on uses of plants by the Comanche Indians. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 25:517-542. Crown, Patricia L., Emerson, Thomas E., Gu, Jiyan, Hurst, W. Jeffrey, Peuketat, Timothy R., and Timothy Ward. 2012. Ritual Black Drink consumption at Cahokia. PNAS 109(35):13944-13949. Dyer, J. O. 1917. The Lake Charles Atakapas (cannibals) period of 1817 to 1820. Galveston, TX. Edwards, Adam L. and Bradley C. Bennett. 2005. Diversity of methylxanthine content in Ilex cassine L. and Ilex vomitoria Ait.: assessing sources of the North American stimulant cassina. Economic Botany 59(3):275-285. Hatcher, Mattie Austin. 1927c. Description of the Tejas or Asinai Indians, 1671-1722, III. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 31(1):50-62. Texas State Historical Association. Hatcher, Mattie Austin. 1927d. Description of the Tejas or Asinai Indians, 1671-1722, IV. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 31(2):150-180. Texas State Historical Association. Mayhall, Mildred Pickle. 1939 The Indians of Texas: the Atákapa, the Karankawa, the Tonkawa. Phd Thesis, The University of Texas, Austin, TX. Ohlendorf, Sheila M., Bigelow, Josette M., and Mary M. Standifer (trans). 1980. Journey to Mexico during the years 1826 to 1834 by Jean Louis Berlandier. Vol. 2. The Texas State Historical Association, Austin, TX. Music by SoundGalleryBy from Pixabay
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