James Spudich (Stanford) 1: A brief history of muscle biology 1864-1969

https://www.ibiology.org/cell-biology... James Spudich begins his talk with an early history of muscle biology, and through parts 2-4 of his talk, he moves forward to our current understanding of the molecular basis of muscle contraction and disease. Talk Overview: Dr. Spudich begins his talks with a clear overview of muscle biology. Muscles are made of many cells and each cell contains many contractile units called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are made of parallel filaments of two different proteins, actin and myosin. The filaments slide relative to each other and cause the sarcomere, and in turn the muscle, to contract. Spudich recounts the breakthroughs that led muscle biologists to propose this sliding filament model (~1950). By 1969, experiments using electron microscopy, a new relatively new technology at the time, and X-ray diffraction, had advanced the model to explain how the “swing” of individual myosin molecules along actin filaments could power muscle contraction. Speaker Biography: James (Jim) Spudich is the Douglass M. and Nola Leishman Professor of Cardiovascular Disease in the Department of Biochemistry at Stanford University School of Medicine.  For the past several decades, his lab has studied the structure and function of the myosin family of motor proteins.  More recently Spudich’s lab has focused on human cardiac muscle myosin and the molecular basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.   Spudich received his B.S. in chemistry from the University of Illinois and his Ph.D. in biochemistry from Stanford University. He was a post-doctoral fellow at Stanford University and then at the MRC Laboratory in Cambridge where he worked with Hugh Huxley.  Spudich joined the faculty of the University of California, San Francisco from 1971-1977.  In 1977, he moved to Stanford University where he was first a professor in the Department of Structural Biology and, since 1992, has been a professor in the Department of Biochemistry.  Spudich is also an Adjunct Professor at the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem) and the National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS) in Bangalore, India. Spudich serves on numerous editorial and scientific advisory boards.  His research contributions have been recognized with many honors and prizes including the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award in 2012, the E.B. Wilson Award from the American Society for Cell Biology in 2011, and the Biophysics Society Award for Outstanding Investigator in 2005.  He is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and an elected member of the US National Academy of Sciences. Learn more about Spudich’s research here: http://spudlab.stanford.edu/