MRI Brain Normal Vs Glioblastoma | T1, T1 Contrast, FLAIR, T2, DWI/ADC, & SWI Imaging Findings

Support the channel on Patreon:   / drsamsimaginglibrary   MRI Brain Normal Vs Glioblastoma | T1, T1 Contrast, FLAIR, T2, DWI/ADC, & SWI Imaging Findings MRI Brain Normal Vs Glioblastoma T1 & T1 Contrast Imaging Findings | High Grade Aggressive Tumors T1 features: Hypointense to isointense relative to normal white matter. Mass effect: Midline shift, ventricular compression, and effacement of sulci. T1 C+ features: The central non-enhancing area represents necrosis. The enhancing rim is often heterogeneous and irregular, differentiating it from smooth rings seen in abscesses or metastases. Irregular peripheral enhancement Irregular/nodular heterogeneous mass Hypointense central necrotic core T2 features: Hyperintense (bright) regions correspond to edema, infiltrating tumor, and necrotic components. Central necrosis often appears heterogeneously hyperintense due to mixed fluid content. Flow Voids: Dark (hypointense) tubular or serpiginous areas on T2-weighted MRI sequences. They represent rapid blood flow within patent vessels, where moving spins exit the imaging slice before being fully refocused — hence, no signal → appears black. FLAIR features: Hyperintense tumor and peritumoral region FLAIR suppresses CSF signal, making tumor infiltration and edema more conspicuous than on T2. Cystic/necrotic areas: Usually hypointense on FLAIR (due to fluid-like signal), surrounded by irregular FLAIR hyperintensity. Normal Brain DWI: Gray Matter - slightly brighter (hyperintense) than white matter. White Matter - slightly darker CSF (ventricles, sulci): Very dark (hypointense) No focal areas of very bright signal suggesting restricted diffusion. DWI Glioblastoma features: Solid Tumor component: Hyperintense (bright), due to high tumor cellularity. Necrotic component: Hypointense or isointense, because necrosis allows free water diffusion. Normal Brain ADC: CSF (ventricles, cisterns): very bright (high ADC) White Matter: intermediate signal Gray Matter: slightly darker than white matter No focal low-signal areas. Glioblastoma ADC: Solid Tumor component: Low ADC (dark). Reflects restricted diffusion from high cellular density. Necrotic component: High ADC (bright), represents facilitated diffusion. Normal Brain: SWI Cerebral Veins Appear Dark: Thin linear hypointense structures This darkness is due to normal deoxyhemoglobin within venous blood. Glioblastoma - SWI: Intratumoral Susceptibility Signals (ITSS) Multiple punctate hypointense foci Fine linear hypointense structures Mixed punctate-linear pattern Clustered dark susceptibility signals within the tumor