Battle of Hattin (Saladin/Salah ad-Din)

Battle of Hattin In 4 July 1187CE/25 Rabī’ al-Ākhir 583H was a decisive battle between Ayyubid Sultanate led by Sultan Salah Ad-Din Al Ayyubi and Frankish-Crusader states coalition led by Guy de Lusignan in Hattin, Palestine, near Sea of Galilee. Notable Ayyubid general was Al-Muzaffar Umar (Taqi Ad-Din) and Muzaffar ad-Din Gökböri. While notable Crusader commanders were Raymond III of Tripoli, Raynald of Châtillon, Gerard de Rideford and Balian of Ibelin.The Crusader states amassed its largest forces around 20.000, while Ayyubid sultanate also amassed large forces from surrounding mulim countries totalling 30.000 men. On the March towards the battlefield in 3 July 1187, crusader army was unable to find adequate supply of water for its armies eventhough Crusaders erected their encamptment in favourable & defendable position above the hill. Sultan Salahaddin then used tactics to burn the surrounding dry bushes and grasses, it smoke then suffocated the crusader army, increased thirst to their men, other tactics of beating drums all night long deprived the crusaders stamina as they were forced to kept alert and awake. In the next day, Ayyubid forces thinly surrounded the Crusader camp. Crusader forces attempted to broke off the encirclement and gain access to fresh water in the sea of Galilee, but Ayyubid army tactically blocked the route to force the Crusaders to begin the battle.Crusaders charged the Ayyubid position repeatedly, buat each charge repulsed by Ayyubid forces and drovve the crusaders back to their camp above the hill. As the battle progressed, Ayyubid cavalry archer harassing the crusader position and devastating its forces. Then the remaining Ayyubid forces stormed the crusader camp. The battlefield was in Ayyubid control and many crusaders were killed, routed or captured by Ayyubid forces. King of Jerussalem, Guy de Lusignan along several crusader noblemen were captured by Ayyubid forces. Salahaddin successfuly win the battle. The Ayyubid armies under Salahaddin captured or killed the vast majority of the Crusader forces, removing their capability to wage war.As a direct result of the battle, Muslims once again became the eminent military power in the Holy Land, re-conquering Jerusalem and most of the other Crusader-held cities. These Crusader defeats prompted the Third Crusade, which began two years after the Battle of Hattin.