TURCJA #8 /58 - zobacz z nami unikatowe podziemne miasto w Derinkuyu oraz Bizantyjski Monastyr

Deep, dozens of meters underground, lay spacious streets and homes inhabited by thousands of people. What did an ancient underground city look like? Giant temples, tombs, meticulously planned cities that maximized the benefits of the natural environment, massive circus arenas, with the Roman Colosseum at the forefront… The marvels of ancient engineering continue to provoke questions and amaze researchers today with the scale and sophistication of the solutions adopted. Among these centuries-old wonders are also underground cities in Turkey. Deep, dozens of meters underground, lay spacious streets and homes inhabited by thousands of people. What did an ancient underground city look like? Giant temples, tombs, meticulously planned cities that maximized the benefits of the natural environment, massive circus arenas, with the Roman Colosseum at the forefront… The marvels of ancient engineering continue to provoke questions and amaze researchers today with the scale and sophistication of the solutions adopted. Among these centuries-old wonders are also underground cities in Turkey. Deep Well Derinkuyu, meaning "deep well," is an urban complex located in Cappadocia, Turkey. The city, with its system of streets, squares, and plots, lies 85 meters underground. It could have housed up to 20,000 people. There was also ample space for animals—sheep, goats, chickens—and hundreds of tons of supplies. It is estimated that the underground city was gradually built between the 8th and 7th centuries BCE. Construction was initiated by the Phrygians. The complex may have been built thanks to the soft volcanic rocks, which facilitated the excavation of individual arteries. Later, the city was extensively expanded, especially during the Byzantine era. The complex, which guaranteed a supply of air and water, served the population as a gigantic shelter during times of war and unrest. Interestingly, even into the 20th century, the Cappadocian Greeks used Derinkuyu as a refuge from persecution by the Ottoman Empire. This was the case, for example, in 1909, during the massacre of Christians in Adana. Between 20,000 and 25,000 people, mostly Armenians, were killed at the time. More information here: https://ciekawostkihistoryczne.pl/202... https://maps.app.goo.gl/rApNVRWBvFVXU... Gumusler Monastery There are no sources about the name or history of the town of Gümüşler, where the monastery is located, during the Middle Ages. The monastery, carved into a large rock church, has survived to this day in good condition and is one of the largest monasteries in the Cappadocia region. There are many rock-hewn monasteries in Cappadocia, and some scholars divide them into two groups: those with a refectory (trapezium) and those with an open courtyard. Gümüşler Monastery falls into the second group. The most important structure in the monastery complex is the church located in the northern part of the complex. The church, with a closed Greek cross plan and four free pillars, has two burial niches north of the northern arm of the cross and two barrel-vaulted entrances west of the naos. The functions of many of the remaining rooms in the monastery are unknown. It is believed that at least three different masters worked on the church's murals. At the top of the three striped paintings in the main apse are Christ enthroned, to his right two angels, symbols of the Evangelists, and the Virgin Mary and the apostles in the Desis scene. The lower band contains paintings of church fathers such as Basileios the Great of Kayseri, Gregory of Nysa, and Gregorios of Nazism. The scenes of the Annunciation to Mary, the birth of Jesus, and His Presentation to the Temple, as well as the figures of John the Baptist and St. Stephen on the northern arm of the cross, must have been created by a second artist. The figures of Mary and the Infant Jesus, as well as the archangels Gabriel and Michael on either side of the entrance door to the naos from the inner corner, are by a third artist. The walls of the room above the narthex feature a composition unique in Cappadocia, consisting of hunting scenes and various animals. As in many Cappadocian churches, the wall paintings at Gümüşler Monastery can be traced to iconographic and stylistic characteristics. Considering these characteristics of the paintings found in the church and the comparative method, it can be dated to the 11th/12th centuries. Official website (in Turkish): https://nigde.ktb.gov.tr/TR-74360/gum... https://maps.app.goo.gl/KAsuSEtdNdyDV... Hadim Göksu Yerköprü Şelalesi Yerköprü Waterfall is a famous waterfall located on the Göksu River in the Hadim district of Konya, 110 kilometers from the center of Konya. Yerköprü Waterfall is a magnificent beauty that can captivate everyone with its exceptional natural beauty. June is especially ideal for visiting this waterfall. During this month, especially when the blossoms of the many trees are com...