ENXERTIA EM PÉ DE MANGA VELHO #SítioGilSat

GRAFTING ON OLD MANGO TREE #SítioGilSat FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FLOWERING A better understanding of how plants respond to environmental factors, mainly light, temperature, nutrient availability, and water, has brought incalculable benefits to agriculture. This has allowed us to choose the most appropriate planting times and locations, favoring harvests and making available products according to market needs and demands. In mango trees, flowering only occurs if certain related factors, such as nutrition, temperature (a fundamental factor in determining the productive branch), or branch age, are present. The level of floral stimulation determines the response, with high levels producing normal panicles, intermediate levels producing mixed panicles, and low levels resulting in vegetative growth. The main fruiting problems are related to a prolonged juvenile period, flower bud abortion, poor flower bud formation, and low fruit set due to strong competition from photoassimilates for growth points. Physiologically, the juvenile stage can be described as the period when plants exponentially increase in size, when flowering and fruiting processes cannot be induced, and leaf and bud morphology is characteristic. There are a number of practices for managing mango flower induction, including pruning, nutrition, irrigation, and plant growth regulators. When using some of these flower induction techniques, farmers must be careful to adjust them according to each phenological phase of the mango tree, as well as according to phytosanitary management, aiming to incorporate the new technique into crop management. The main factors that can affect mango flowering, namely: photoperiod, temperature, auxins and cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, water stress, paclobutrazol, potassium sulfate, nitrates, and branch pruning, are listed below: Photoperiod The floral induction of most plants involves sensitivity to factors such as day length or temperatures in some part of the plant. In mango trees, floral induction is triggered by low temperatures, not by a long photoperiod. The mango tree can be considered a neutral plant regarding photoperiodism. However, there is a stimulus for the formation of a greater number of perfect flowers (hermaphrodites) on the side of the plant that receives more direct sunlight. This fact should guide the direction of planting so that plants receive equal sunlight. Temperature Temperature is a very important factor in mango flowering. Under natural conditions, with daytime temperatures of 31°C (87°F) and nighttime temperatures of 25°C (77°F), the branches do not flower, only vegetate. In tropical regions, where cold nighttime temperatures do not occur, the mango tree only blooms when the buds reach a certain age (maturation). #SítioGilSat