Doenças dos Platelmintos

#biology #video lessons #Platyhelminthes Lesson aimed at high school and ENEM students about platyhelminth diseases. Video outline: Taeniasis (tapeworm) Caused by Taenia solium (found in pigs) and Taenia saginata (found in cattle) • They do not have a digestive system • Hermaphrodites • Characterized by the presence of the adult worm in the small intestine. • How is it contracted? – It occurs when a person ingests larvae (cysticercus) of Taenia present in raw or undercooked pork or beef. This cysticercus will develop in the human small intestine until it becomes an adult. Once adult, the Taenia will mate and release eggs through the problotid gland. These eggs will be excreted in the individual's feces and contaminate the soil. Pigs and cattle end up ingesting this egg, which enters the bloodstream and reaches the individual's muscles, where it becomes cysticerci, and the cycle continues. • Symptoms include: • Frequent diarrhea or constipation; • Nausea; • Abdominal pain; • Headache; • Lack of or increased appetite; • Dizziness; • Weakness; • Irritability; • Weight loss; • Fatigue and insomnia. Treatment for taeniasis is done with antiparasitic medications, mainly Praziquantel and Niclosamide. Prevention is key; simply cook and wash food thoroughly. Cysticercosis (MONOXENIC CYCLE) Characterized by the presence of Taenia solium larvae, and only this species, in humans, mainly in the eyes and brain. – How is it contracted? Taeniasis is acquired by consuming undercooked meat containing the larva, which in the intestine becomes an adult and causes intestinal symptoms, in addition to reproduction and the release of eggs. In cysticercosis, the person ingests the eggs of Taenia solium, which can rupture in the person's body, releasing the larva, known as a cysticercus, which reaches the bloodstream and travels to various parts of the body, such as muscles, heart, eyes, and brain, for example. The symptoms of cysticercosis vary according to the affected area, being: • Brain: headache, seizures, mental confusion, or coma; • Heart: palpitations, difficulty breathing, or noisy breathing; • Muscles: local pain, swelling, inflammation, cramps, or difficulty moving; • Skin: swelling of the skin, which usually does not cause pain and can be confused with a cyst; • Eyes: difficulty seeing or vision loss. Schistosomiasis or Water Belly: HETEROXENIC CYCLE Caused by Schistosoma mansoni (Class Trematoda) • Parasite of intestinal vessels and liver veins • For transmission to occur, an infected individual must release Schistosoma mansoni eggs through feces. In the water, this egg becomes a ciliated larva and seeks a snail that can enter. The snail is an intermediate host of the pathogen, and once this larva develops inside the snail, it emerges as a cercaria larva in the water again to find an unsuspecting human. Then it enters through the individual's skin. Inside the skin, the pathogen will grow and reproduce, continuing the cycle. Some habits such as swimming, bathing, or simply washing clothes and objects in infected water favor transmission. Schistosomiasis is related to poor sanitation. Definitive Host: Human – Host Prophylaxis Basic sanitation 2- Destruction of the snail 3- Do not swim in unknown locations. 4- Treatment of the patient Symptoms 2- fever; 3- headache; 4- chills; 5- sweats; 6- weakness; 7- loss of appetite; 8- muscle pain; 9- cough; 10- diarrhea. • enlarged liver; • enlarged spleen; • digestive hemorrhage; • pulmonary and portal hypertension; • death.