شرح ألفية ابن مالك - 199 - إبدال الظاهر من الضمير، والبدل من اسم الاستفهام، وإبدال الفعل من الفعل

Substitution of an Apparent Noun for a Pronoun, Substitution of an Interrogative Pronoun, and Substitution of a Verb for a Verb This video from the "Linguistic Gems" channel continues the discussion of the rules of substitution from Ibn Malik's Alfiyya, focusing on three main points: 1. Substitution of an Apparent Noun for a Pronoun [00:26] The explanation discusses the rules for substituting an apparent noun for a pronoun, and the difference between the third-person and second-person pronouns: Third-person pronoun: It is permissible to substitute an apparent noun for a third-person pronoun without conditions, such as: "Visit Khalid" [01:36]. Second-person pronoun (first and second person): It is not permissible to substitute an apparent noun for a third-person pronoun except under certain conditions [02:27]: In the substitution of the whole for the whole (identical substitution): It is required that it encompass and include all elements. An example from the Quran is: "It will be a festival for us, for the first of us and the last of us" [03:47], where "our first" is a substitute for the pronoun "us". * In the case of partitive and inclusive apposition: neither completeness nor totality is required [04:39]. Example of inclusive apposition: "As if your joy has captivated" [05:12]. Example of partitive apposition: "He threatened me with prison, and the tool is my leg" [06:37]. 2. Apposition to an interrogative pronoun [09:14] If the antecedent is an interrogative pronoun, the interrogative hamza must be added to the apposition [09:58]: The verse: "And the hamza is added to the implied apposition, followed by another hamza, as in 'Who is this, Sa'id or Ali?'" [09:40]. Other examples: "What will you do, good or bad?" [10:24] and "When will you come to us, tomorrow or the day after tomorrow?" [10:46]. 3. Substitution of Verb for Verb [11:51] The general rule is that nouns are substituted for nouns, but verbs may be substituted for verbs and follow them in case (jussive or subjunctive): Example of the jussive (in the conditional clause): “And whoever reaches us and seeks our help will be helped” [12:13]. The verb “seeks help” is a substitute for the conditional verb “reaches,” and it is in the jussive mood like it. Example of the jussive (in the apodosis): In the verse, “And whoever does that will meet a penalty; the punishment will be doubled for him” [13:29]. The verb “will be doubled” is a substitute for “will meet” (the apodosis), and it is in the jussive mood like it. Example of the subjunctive: “I swear by God that you will pledge allegiance, whether by force or by coming willingly” [14:20]. The verb “will be taken” is a substitute for the subjunctive verb “pledge allegiance,” and it is in the subjunctive mood like it.