Prof. Hieronim Grala: Upadek Konstantynopola. Moment, który zakończył epokę

Professor Hieronim Grala recounts the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 – an event that, in the history of Europe and Western civilization as a whole, is considered a transitional moment between the Middle Ages and the early modern era. This is not only a story of the Turkish military triumph over the waning Byzantine Empire, but also a tale of the long process of the decline of the Eastern Empire, the illusions of the West, the role of religion, politics, and military technology, and the symbolic significance of conquering a city that for centuries was one of the centers of the Christian world. The commentary also includes a contemporary context – the decision of the Turkish authorities to reconvert Hagia Sophia into a mosque and a reference to the Ottoman tradition of the conquerors of Constantinople. The program is sponsored by the online store Steki.pl. Polish beef, steaks, and burgers with safe delivery to your home. https://steki.pl/&utm_source=youtube&... Program Patron: Siepomaga The Greatest Power of Helping https://siepomaga.pl?utm_source=kanal... 00:00 Introduction 2:00 The Fall of Constantinople – the Beginning of the End of an Era 12:00 Byzantium Before Its Destruction and the Rising Power of the Ottomans 25:00 The Siege of the City and the Military Strategy of Mehmed II 39:00 The Conquest of Constantinople and the Shock to Christian Europe ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 🔔 SUBSCRIBE https://bit.ly/SubskrybujKanałOtwarty 💭 TWITTER https://x.com/KanalOtwarty_pl 👍 FACEBOOK   / kanalotwarty   📷 INSTAGRAM   / kanal_otwarty_pl   🌐 OPEN CHANNEL http://kanalotwarty.pl 🔥 Interested in advertising your company on Open Channel? https://www.kanalotwarty.pl/dla-rekla... --------------------------------------- ☕ MORNING SETTING⤵️    • Układ Poranny   -------------------------------------------------------------------- Copyright © Open Channel. All rights reserved. --------------------------------------------------------------------- #OpenChannel #history #europe