Cáncer de páncreas

If you'd like to see more scientifically accurate 3D medical images, subscribe to our channel:    / nucleushealthvideose   MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Pancreatic cancer is a disease that begins in one of the digestive organs. The pancreas is located just below the stomach. Your pancreas is made up of a head, body, and tail. It contains two main types of cells. One type, called exocrine cells, produces digestive enzymes that are secreted into tubes called ducts. The enzymes travel through the ducts and eventually reach your small intestine, where they aid in digestion. The other type of pancreatic cell is called the endocrine cell. Endocrine cells are clustered in groups known as the islets of Langerhans. These cells produce the hormones insulin and glucagon, which are released into the bloodstream to help control your blood sugar levels. Pancreatic cancer begins with mutations in pancreatic cells, causing them to grow very rapidly and uncontrollably. The mutated cells often clump together to form tumors, which can interfere with the normal function of the pancreas. Like this tumor, most pancreatic cancers form in the ducts and are called adenocarcinomas or exocrine tumors. Endocrine tumors that develop from the islets of Langerhans are much less common. Your doctor will recommend a treatment based on the type of cell involved, the location, and the stage of your cancer. Treatment may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of treatments. There are three types of surgical options for treating pancreatic cancer. During a Whipple procedure, also called a pancreaticoduodenectomy, your surgeon will remove the head of your pancreas, your gallbladder, and portions of your common bile duct, small intestine, and stomach. The remaining structures will be arranged to allow for continued digestion. In a total pancreatectomy, your surgeon will remove your entire pancreas, the common bile duct, gallbladder, spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as portions of your stomach and small intestine. During a distal pancreatectomy, your surgeon will remove the body and tail of the pancreas, as well as your spleen. Radiation, or radiotherapy, uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells only in the treated area. If the radiation comes from a machine outside your body, the treatment is called external beam radiation therapy. Radiation therapy placed inside your body, in the form of radioactive seeds, is called brachytherapy or internal radiation therapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop cancer from progressing by either killing cells or preventing them from growing. Systemic chemotherapy is taken by mouth or by injection, allowing the drugs to travel through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Regional chemotherapy involves injecting the drug into the arteries surrounding the tumor, allowing immediate access to the cancer cells. Targeted therapies focus on specific genetic abnormalities in cancer cells. One such targeted therapy, erlotinib, is thought to halt tumor growth by blocking the chemical signals that initiate cell growth and division. ANH12065es