Passing of Property in Goods | Sec 18-25 Sale of Goods Act

Discuss the rules regarding passing of property in goods - Complete 16-mark answer under Sale of Goods Act 1930. Basic Rule - Sec 19: Property passes when parties intend it to pass. Intention gathered from terms of contract, conduct of parties, and circumstances of the case. Rules for Ascertaining Intention - Sec 20 to 24: 1. Sec 20 - Specific Goods in Deliverable State: Property passes when contract is made. Time of payment or delivery immaterial. Example: A buys specific car in showroom. Ownership passes immediately. 2. Sec 21 - Specific Goods Not in Deliverable State: Property passes only when seller makes goods deliverable and buyer has notice. Example: Car to be painted before delivery. Ownership passes after painting + notice. 3. Sec 22 - Specific Goods in Deliverable State, Price to be Ascertained: Property passes when price is ascertained by weighing, testing etc. and buyer has notice. Example: 100 tons of oil in tank. Ownership passes after measurement + notice. 4. Sec 23 - Sale of Unascertained Goods: Property passes when goods are ascertained and unconditionally appropriated to contract with assent of both parties. Delivery to carrier is appropriation. Example: 50 bags wheat from bulk stock sent to buyer via railway. 5. Sec 24 - Goods Sent on Approval or Sale or Return: Property passes when buyer signifies approval, does act adopting transaction, or retains goods beyond fixed/reasonable time without rejecting. Other Important Rules: Sec 18: No property passes in unascertained goods until ascertained. Sec 25: Reservation of right of disposal - Seller may reserve disposal until conditions fulfilled like payment by buyer. KSLU Exam Tip: Structure in 2 parts. Part A = Sec 18-19 general rule of intention. Part B = Sec 20-24 specific rules with 1 example each. Mention "Nemo dat quod non habet" exception. Add 2 cases for full marks. Key Case Laws for KSLU: Rugg v Minett - Sec 20: Specific goods in deliverable state Carlos Federspiel & Co v Charles Twigg & Co - Sec 23: Unascertained goods appropriation Timestamps for Quick Revision: 0:00 Intro - KSLU 16-Mark Format 0:50 Sec 18-19: Basic Rule & Intention 2:00 Sec 20: Specific Goods Deliverable State 3:15 Sec 21-22: Not Deliverable & Price Unascertained 4:45 Sec 23: Unascertained Goods & Appropriation 6:20 Sec 24: Sale on Approval Basis 7:30 Sec 25: Reservation of Disposal 8:30 KSLU Case Laws 9:30 Answer Writing Format PDF notes pinned. Best for KSLU 3rd Sem BBA LLB and 5th Sem 3yr LLB Business Law paper. #kslulaw #KSLUExam2026 #PassingOfProperty #SaleOfGoodsAct1930 #Sec19 #Sec20 #Sec23 #Sec24 #KarnatakaStateLawUniversity #LLBExam #BBALLBLaw #BusinessLaw #KSLUNotes #LawExamPrep #ContractOfSale #OwnershipTransfer #LegalStudies #CommercialLaw #Goods #NemoDatRule