Conversations With Professionals: Orthopedic Concerns in EDS and HSD

President for The Ehlers-Danlos Society, Lara Bloom, speaks with Dr. Cathy Raggio in the USA and Dr. Jane Simmonds in the UK about orthopedic concerns in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD). Dr. Raggio is a pediatric orthopedic surgeon with over 30 years of experience and specializes in the disorders of the spine, skeletal dysplasia, and metabolic bone and connective tissue disorders. Dr. Simmonds is a physiotherapist with more than 25 years of clinical experience working with people with EDS and HSD. Timestamps: 1:56 What orthopedic problems do we see in the different types of EDS and HSD? 5:31 What tests or imaging are recommended to evaluate pain or unstable joints? 9:07 What is the difference between dislocations and subluxations? 12:07 Are the different types of EDS and HSD more prone to fractures? 18:50 How best can physical therapy help with these orthopedic problems? 21:39 Are EDS and HSD degenerative conditions? 36:00 What orthopedic procedures or surgeries are recommended for unstable joints and are there any procedures or surgeries that should be avoided? 42:14 What surgeries do you recommend for connective tissues, ligaments, tendons, and tears? 49:11 What is the right amount of movement for somebody with EDS or HSD? 51:48 Are PRP, prolotherapy, stem cell, and steroid injections safe for joint pain? 57:34 How do you know when to deal with a dislocation or subluxation at home or if you need to go to either an emergency room or an orthopedic doctor?