Chromosome Analysis | Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) | Genetics Basics | Cell Biology

👉 ▬ Fluorescent in situ hybridization ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular technique used to detect and visualize specific DNA or RNA sequences in cells or tissue samples. FISH is based on the principle of hybridization, which involves the binding of complementary nucleic acid sequences. In FISH, a single-stranded DNA or RNA probe that is complementary to the target sequence of interest is labeled with a fluorescent dye, which emits light when exposed to specific wavelengths of light. The labeled probe is then hybridized to the denatured chromosomal DNA or RNA in the sample. FSH is a powerful tool for studying chromosomal abnormalities and gene expression in various biological contexts. It can be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities, such as deletions, duplications, translocation, or inversions, that are associated with genetic disorders or cancer. It can also be used to detect and quantify specific gene expression patterns in different cell types or tissues. FISH has many applications in clinical diagnostics, including prenatal diagnosis, cancer diagnosis, and monitoring treatment responses. FISH is also widely used in research to study the structure, function, and regulation of genes and chromosomes. Use of unique sequence probes: 👉 Microdeletions 👉 Translocations 👉 Sex Chromosome Rearrangements ▬ Microdeletion of Chromosome ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Microdeletion of chromosomes refers to a genetic condition in which a small segment of a chromosome is deleted, resulting in the loss of one or more genes. Microdeletion can occur spontaneously during embryonic development or be inherited from a parent who carries chromosomal abnormalities. Microdeletion probes are used in the diagnosis of DiGeorge Syndrome, Wolf–Hirschhorn, and Prader–Willi and Angelman. Microdeletion syndromes are a group of genetic disorders that are caused by specific microdeletions and are associated with characteristic symptoms and clinical features. ▬ Translocation of Chromosomes ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Translocation of chromosomes refers to a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a segment of one chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to a different chromosome. This can occur in either Reciprocal translocation or Robertsonian translocation. Translocation can be balanced or unbalanced. In a balanced translocation, there is no loss or gain of genetic material, but the rearrangement can disrupt the normal functioning of genes involved in cell growth and division, potentially leading to developmental abnormalities or an increased risk of cancer. In an unbalanced translocation, there is a loss or gain of genetic material, which can result in physical and/or developmental abnormalities. Translocation can occur spontaneously during meiosis or mitosis, or it can be inherited from a parent who carries a balanced translocation. ▬ Sex Chromosome Rearrangements ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ In some phenotypic males lacking a Y chromosome, an SRY probe reveals the site to which the male-determining SRY locus has been translocated from its normal site at Yp11, often to the X chromosome. #Genetics #ChromosomeAnalysis #Cytogenetics #FluorescentHybridization #Karyotype #BandingTechniques #GeneticDisorders #DNA #Science #medicalresearch