Ancient Skull Surgery Had Better Survival Rates Than The Civil War

7,000 years ago, people were cutting holes into living human skulls with stone tools — no anesthesia, no antibiotics, no concept of germs. And a huge number of patients survived, some for years, some going through it more than once. This video breaks down the real archaeological evidence for trepanation across Peru, Sudan, and France, why ancient Peruvian surgeons hit survival rates as high as 91%, and why that number beats Civil War-era skull surgery performed by university-trained physicians three centuries later. #HumanHistory #Anthropology #History