When Marathas (Almost) Ruled India | Dr. Uday S. Kulkarni | Roshan Cariappa

India’s past is often told as a sequence of empires rising and falling — but few moments were as decisive as the 18th century, when one power came remarkably close to reshaping the entire subcontinent. In this wide-ranging conversation, Dr. Uday S. Kulkarni (Historian & Author) joins Bharatvaarta to trace the rise of the Marathas — from the early vision of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj to a force that expanded across India, challenged the Mughals, and altered the balance of power in the subcontinent. We unpack how Swaraj was not just a political idea but a civilisational response to centuries of upheaval, how military innovation, mobility, and leadership enabled rapid expansion, and why Delhi became the ultimate symbol of power for the Marathas. The conversation moves through defining moments — the encounter with Afzal Khan, the confrontation with Aurangzeb, the resilience after Sambhaji Maharaj’s execution, and the long 27-year war that hardened Maratha resolve into an unstoppable force. It also examines the rise of the Peshwas, the expansion into North India, alliances and conflicts with regional powers, and the moment when the Marathas stood as the dominant force across much of the subcontinent. This episode isn’t just about history. It’s about how power is built, lost, and remembered. ⸻ ⏱️ Chapters 00:00 – 00:40 • Intro 00:40 – 05:30 • The World Before the Marathas: Fragmentation & Invasions 05:30 – 10:30 • Shivaji Maharaj’s Vision: Swaraj as a Civilisational Idea 10:30 – 15:30 • Afzal Khan & The Turning Point of Power 15:30 – 22:00 • Aurangzeb, Agra & The Limits of Empire 22:00 – 30:00 • War, Resistance & The Making of Maratha Strength 30:00 – 38:00 • Sambhaji Maharaj & The Cost of Defiance 38:00 – 50:00 • The 27-Year War: How the Marathas Outlasted the Mughals 50:00 – 01:05:00 • Expansion Beyond the Deccan: The Road to Delhi 01:05:00 – 01:18:00 • The Rise of the Peshwas & Maratha Dominance 01:18:00 – 01:28:00 • Alliances, Conflicts & Control of North India 01:28:00 – 01:37:00 • Legacy, Decline & Lessons from Maratha Power ⸻ 👉 If you found this conversation valuable, subscribe to Bharatvaarta. We bring you serious, long-form discussions on history, power, civilisation, and the ideas shaping India’s future. 🎧 Listen & Subscribe Spotify → https://open.spotify.com/show/6tqY8tb... Apple Podcasts → https://podcasts.apple.com/in/podcast... X → https://x.com/bharatvaarta Instagram →   / bharatvaarta   ⸻ 👤 Guest — Dr. Uday S. Kulkarni Historian & Author | Maratha History Scholar X → https://x.com/MulaMutha Instagram →   / mulamutha   ⸻ 👤 Host — Roshan Cariappa X → https://x.com/RoshanCariappa Instagram →   / carygottheblues   #bharatvaarta #indianhistory #roshancariappa #shivajimaharaj #MughalsVsMarathas