The Accidental Origin of Blood Thinners

Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/patrickkelly Watch my video on anthrax here: https://nebula.tv/videos/patrickkelly... This deep dive investigates the origins of blood thinners, anticoagulants, and antiplatelets - from accidental discoveries in moldy cattle feed to modern pharmaceutical blockbusters. In this video, Patrick Kelly explains how blood clots form, the true story behind warfarin's origins, heparin, and the development of newer drugs like Plavix, Pradaxa, Eliquis, and Xarelto. ☠️None of the information in this video should be used as medical advice or opinion. Always consult with healthcare professionals regarding medication decisions ☠️ 🎬C R E D I T S🎬 Written, performed, and edited by Patrick Kelly Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images 🔗 L I N K S 🔗 📱Instagram:   / patkellyteaches   💰Patreon:   / corporis   📚Book recommendations: www.patkellyteaches.com/books 🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑 Oxytocin Tier: Mike W | Paul R | Daphnanne P | Oliver W | Tal Globus | Paul Belmes Growth Hormone Tier: Carey & Jack P | Brendan P | Brandon K | Kristofer R | Joe B | Mindi F | Michael G | Brian B | Eileen H | Waffles the Dog | Brian T | Brian H | Michael R | Karen S | Sarah B | Robin B | Jacob S | Hyeon-Seo | Paul! | Lucy Fur | Huynhy | Jim C | elnombre91 | Alcedo | Josef K | Dab B | Robert M | Jiggs | TierZoo | Seth G | Jane G | Jack M | Matthew B | Michelle J | Helena SB | Eric L | Ryne J | Kilian | Dean M | Cody S | Michelle L | Joseph G | Aryan R | Vic K | Becca | Jesse B | Stella | Marc M | Roxanna A | Doyle V | Maria A | Karen S | Jon A | Brian | Blake | Caitlin E | David W | DrCredibleHulk | Eugene F | Anthony DiF | Charlie C | Reniece J | chris | Rachel J | ZoeMarie | Katie B-S | Broderic D | CJ | Darren H | Snail Guy | Matthew S | Ky W | Ben | Gerald | Dave F | Andrew L | Tyler H | Thomas N | Smoerredeg 📜 S O U R C E S 📜 An annotated version of the script can be found on my Patreon:   / 139907171   Physiology of Blood: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB... Physiology of Clotting: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB... Antithrombotic basics: https://www.hematology.org/about/hist... History of blood: https://ashpublications.org/blood/art... Heparin history https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcar... From heparin to warfarin (2018) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/e... Thromboplastic action of cephalin (1916) https://journals.physiology.org/doi/p... Heparn and Pro AntiThrombin (1918) https://journals.physiology.org/doi/a... From Insulin to Heparin at Connaught https://connaught.research.utoronto.c... Heparin and Cardiopulmonary Cardiovascular Surgery https://www.anaesthesiacollective.com... Discovery of Dicoumarol and its Sequels (1959 Karl Link) https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/1... Warfarin: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcar... The history of warfarin (2025) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles... https://www.warf.org/wp-content/uploa... Discovery of Vitamin K https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/20... Coumadin approval: https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-his... Heparin and VKA https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcar... Low-dose heparin https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcar... Maffrand personal story of antiplatelets https://comptes-rendus.academie-scien... Plavix FDA approval letter (1997) https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsa... Plavix loses patent (2012) https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/17/bu... Global burden of thrombosis https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/1... Stroke prevention in A Fib https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.11... Ximelagatran sets the stage https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcar... Discovery of rivaroxaban (Xarelto) https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd3185 Pre-clinical history of Apixaban (Eliquis): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science... History of drugs for thrombotic disease (1994) https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/1... Era of NOACs https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcar... 💻 C O N T A C T 💻 patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com ⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛ 0:00 Intro 0:37 Heparin 5:58 Warfarin 14:06 Clopidogrel 19:11 DOACs 22:16 FXa Inhibitors 31:04 Conclusion #historyofmedicine #medicalhistory