Hybridization in Chemistry Class 11 IIT JEE NEET

#hybridization_chemistry #hybridization_chemistry_class_11 #what_is_hybridization? ‪@AdiChemAdi‬ https://www.adichemistry.com/general/... https://www.adichemistry.com/general/... What is hybridization? Definition: The intermixing of two or more pure atomic orbitals of an atom with almost same energy to give same number of identical and degenerate new type of orbitals is known as hybridization. The new orbitals formed are also known as hybrid orbitals. What is intermixing? The intermixing or hybridization of atomic orbitals is a mathematical concept based on quantum mechanics. During this process, the wavefunctions, Ψ of atomic orbitals of the same atom are combined to give new wavefunctions corresponding to hybrid orbitals. What are the requirements for atomic orbitals to undergo hybridization? The atomic orbitals of the same atom with almost same energy can only participate in the hybridization. The full-filled or half-filled or even empty orbitals can undergo hybridization provided they have almost equal energy. Do the orbitals of different atoms undergo hybridization? No! Hybridization is the mixing of orbitals of the same atom only. The combination of orbitals belonging to different atoms is called bonding. What are hybrid orbitals? And what are its characteristics? The new orbitals that are formed due to intermixing of atomic orbitals are also known as hybrid orbitals, which have mixed characteristics of atomic orbitals. The shapes of hybrid orbitals are identical. Usually, they have one big lobe associated with a small lobe on the other side. The hybrid orbitals are degenerate i.e., they are associated with same energy. How many hybrid orbitals are formed? The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of pure atomic orbitals undergoing hybridization. E.g. If three atomic orbitals intermix with each other, the number of hybrid orbitals formed will be equal to 3. How do the electrons are going to be filled in the hybrid orbitals? The hybrid orbitals are filled with those electrons which were present in the pure atomic orbitals forming them. The filling up of electrons in them follows Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule. What is the use of hybrid orbitals? The hybrid orbitals participate in the σ bond formation with other atoms. Why atomic orbitals in a given atom undergo hybridization? The hybrid orbitals are oriented in space so as to minimize repulsions between them. This explains why the atomic orbitals undergo hybridization before bond formation. The reason for hybridization is to minimize the repulsions between the bonds that are going to be formed by the atoms by using hybrid orbitals. Remember that hybridization is the process that occurs before bond formation. And finally: The bond angles in the molecule are equal to or almost equal to the angles between the hybrid orbitals forming the σ bonds. The shape of the molecule is determined by the type of hybridization, the number of bonds formed by them, and the number of lone pairs.