Hoes or Axes? Experimental Reproduction and Use of Deer Antler Tools

Arianna Durante (1,2) Sara Maria Stellacci (2) Alessio Pellegrini (1,2) Antonella de Angelis (1,2) Federico Scacchetti (3) See also the article in the EXARC Journal: https://exarc.net/issue-2021-4/ea/hoe... 1 ”Sapienza” University of Rome (Italy) 2 Laboratory of “Sapienza” University of Rome LTFAPA (Italy) 3 Ar/S Archeosistemi S.C. (Italy) ... from the Terramara of Pragatto (BO, Italy), Bronze Age Site This research aims to evaluate the hypotheses of production and use of a collection of deer antler tools from the Terramara of Pragatto (Po Plain, Italy) dated between the Middle Bronze Age 2 (ca. 1550-1450 BC) and the early stages of the Recent Bronze Age (ca. 1325/1300 – 1150 BC). The six objects examined fall into the category of sharp-edged artefacts, probably handled and used in agricultural activities. An experimental protocol was initially applied for the reproduction of these instruments aimed at creating a historically accurate comparison collection, in order to provide information regarding the possible chaîne opératoire related to their production. For this purpose, experimental replicas of well attested utensils from the site were used: a kit of bronze tools used to shape the antlers and to make holes, and a kit of sandstone abraders for finishing and sharpening the cutting edges. The second step of the experiment permitted an evaluation of the potential versatility of the experimental hoes from a functional point of view, supporting the hypothesis of their alternative use not being exclusively connected to tillage. The experimental activity was therefore essential to perform a final comparison between the traces observed on the archaeological sample and the experimental one through a microscopic analysis of the surfaces. This study allowed to determine which tools and methods were used to produce these artefacts and the multiple possibilities of use, offering perspectives on understanding their role in economic and craft activities of the Pragatto population. #EXARC #ExperimentalArchaeology #EAC12