The Karpman Drama Triangle - victim, rescuer and persecutor

The Drama Triangle, conceptualized by Stephen Karpman, is a model of human interaction that describes dysfunctional interpersonal relationships. It involves three roles: Victim, Persecutor, and Rescuer.   The Victim feels oppressed, helpless, and unable to make decisions, often seeking a Rescuer to alleviate their plight.   The Persecutor is critical and controlling, placing blame and setting strict boundaries, often targeting the Victim.   The Rescuer, driven by a need to help, intervenes on behalf of the Victim, often enabling their dependence and neglecting their own needs.   These roles are not fixed, and individuals can switch between them, perpetuating a cycle of drama and preventing healthy communication. Recognizing these roles and understanding the dynamics of the Drama Triangle is crucial for breaking free from these patterns and fostering healthier relationships.