Tuberculose COMPLETO

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This pathology usually affects the lungs, but can manifest in other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, bones, and central nervous system. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease and has historically been a major public health challenge worldwide. Transmission Tuberculosis is transmitted from person to person through small particles expelled by the patient when they cough, speak, or sneeze. Inhaling these particles can lead to infection, but not all exposed people develop active disease. Some may have a latent form of the infection, without symptoms. Symptoms Persistent cough for more than two weeks. Fever, especially in the afternoon. Night sweats. Unexplained weight loss. Fatigue and weakness. Chest pain when breathing or coughing. Diagnosis Tuberculin skin test (PPD) Injected under the skin, the test measures the immune response to the tuberculosis bacillus. Blood tests, such as the Quantiferon-TB Gold test, which measures the specific immune response. Chest X-ray: To detect lung abnormalities. Treatment Tuberculosis is treated with a combination of antibiotics, usually for a period of six months to a year. Strict adherence to treatment is crucial to prevent drug resistance. Prevention Vaccination: BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is a vaccine that can prevent the most severe forms of tuberculosis in children. Case Identification and Treatment: Tracking individuals with active tuberculosis and appropriate treatment is essential to prevent the spread of the disease. Current Challenges Drug Resistance: Inappropriate use of medications can lead to the development of resistant strains, making treatment more complex. HIV Coinfection: Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death in people with HIV. Access to Treatment: In some regions, access to proper diagnosis and treatment remains a challenge. Tuberculosis is a curable and preventable disease, but effective control requires coordinated global efforts. Early detection, appropriate treatment, and prevention are essential to addressing this public health challenge.