Metafísica Moderna | Introdução Geral à Filosofia | Prof. Vitor Lima | Aula 31

Modern Metaphysics | General Introduction to Philosophy | Lesson 31 The historical origin of modern philosophy can be unfolded in three events: • Renaissance Humanism (15th century) • Protestant Reformation (16th century) • Scientific Revolution (17th century) Given these milestones, the features of Classical Modern Metaphysics (CMM) can be summarized in the following points, upheld until Descartes: • Reality in itself exists and can be known. • Truth is correspondence between representation and reality. • There is an infinite substance that guarantees reality and intelligibility. In addition, the belief in the four principles of the rationality of Nature and Man also persisted: • Principle of identity • Principle of non-contradiction • Principle of the excluded middle • Principle of causality The first three guaranteed the idea of ​​substance and essence. The fourth guaranteed the ideas of origin, purpose, and relationship between beings. However, David Hume puts forward a different theory. He argues that mental representations derive not from a correspondence to reality, but from the repetition of impressions that induce mental habits – these, in turn, are what form the representations. Kant declared that Hume made him "awaken from his dogmatic slumber" and became known for decreeing the end of the MMC (Mental Conception Model). But what does that mean? ► Summary 00:00 Introduction 02:21 The idea of ​​modernity 06:20 Classical Modern Metaphysics (CMM) 13:58 René Descartes and the construction of CMM 28:21 David Hume and the tremor of CMM 38:39 Immanuel Kant and the end of CMM 01:03:57 Summary ► Complete Course Playlist: https://tinyurl.com/e4b5uktc ► Important Links: • Join the INÉF Club: https://www.istonaoefilosofia.com/clu... • Instagram: https://tinyurl.com/inefinstagram • Telegram: https://tinyurl.com/ineftelegram ► Bibliography used: ACASTAGNOLA, Luis, PADOVANI, Umberto. History of Philosophy. 15th ed. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1990. DEKENS, Olivier. Understanding Kant. Translated by Paula Silva. São Paulo: Edições Loyola, 2012. DESCARTES, René. Meditations on First Philosophy. Introduction and notes by Homero Santiago. Translated by Maria Ermantina de Almeida Prado Galvão. Translation of the introductory texts by Homero Santiago. 4th ed. São Paulo: Editora WMF Martins Fontes, 2016. HUME, David. A Treatise of Human Nature: An Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects. Translated by Débora Danowski. 2nd ed. rev. and enlarged. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2009. JAPIASSÚ, Hilton, MARCONDES, Danilo. Basic Dictionary of Philosophy. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 1990. KANT, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Human Thought Collection. Translation and notes by Fernando Costa Mattos. 4th ed. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes; Bragança Paulista, SP: Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2015. ______________. Critique of Practical Reason. Translation by Arthur Morão. 9th ed. Lisbon, Portugal: Edições 70, 2014. KENNY, Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy (vol. 3) – The Awakening of Modern Philosophy. 2nd ed. Translation by Carlos Alberto Bárbaro. Revision by Marcelo Perine. São Paulo: Edições Loyola, 2014. LIMA, Vitor. Introduction to Modern Philosophy. Lecture Notes 16. History of Philosophy Course, INÉF, 2020. _________. Montaigne and Descartes. Lecture Notes 17. History of Philosophy Course, INÉF, 2020. _________. Francis Bacon and David Hume. Lecture Notes 18. History of Philosophy Course, INÉF, 2020. _________. Immanuel Kant - Epistemology. Lecture Notes 21. History of Philosophy Course, INÉF, 2020. _________. Immanuel Kant - Ethics. Lecture Notes 22. History of Philosophy Course, INÉF, 2020. MARCONDES, Danilo. Introduction to the History of Philosophy: from the Pre-Socratics to Wittgenstein. 2nd ed. rev. and enlarged. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2017. REALE, Giovanni, ANTISERI, Dário. History of Philosophy (vol. 3) – from Humanism to Descartes. History of Philosophy Collection. Translated by Ivo Storniolo. 1st ed. [2004]. 5th reprint [2018]. São Paulo: Paulus, 2018. ____________________________. History of Philosophy (vol. 4) – from Spinoza to Kant. History of Philosophy Collection. Translated by Ivo Storniolo. 1st ed. [2004]. 4th reprint [2014]. São Paulo: Paulus, 2014. SILVA, Franklin Leopoldo e. Descartes. Logos Collection. São Paulo: Moderna, 1993.