Orientación Markovnikov y anti-Markovnikov explicada

When an asymmetrically substituted alkene undergoes an addition reaction, a single product is observed, rather than a mixture of two as might be expected. Observing this phenomenon, the Russian chemist Vladimir Markovnikov proposed in 1869 the rule that would bear his name: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the H bonds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents, and the X bonds to the carbon with more substituents. When both carbon atoms of the double bond have the same degree of substitution, a mixture of addition products is formed. Since carbocations are involved in these electrophilic additions, the rule can be modified and applied to the addition not only of HX but of other reagents: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the more substituted carbocation is formed as an intermediate instead of the less substituted one. McMurry, J. (2018). Organic Chemistry, 9th Edition. Cengage Learning.